Physical, Mechanical, and Durability Properties of Wood–Plastic Composites (WPC): A Systematic Literature Review

Wood–plastic composites (WPC) have emerged as a sustainable alternative for applications in the construction industry by combining polymeric matrices with lignocellulosic reinforcements. However, their performance depends strongly on interfacial compatibility, component proportions, and processing conditions. This study aimed to analyze the current state of knowledge regarding the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of WPC, as well as to identify recent research trends. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, resulting in the selection of 38 articles published between 2020 and 2025. The documents were analyzed using bibliometric tools (VOSviewer and Bibliometrix) and through a thematic synthesis of materials, processing methods, and evaluated properties. The results indicate that most studies focus on mechanical properties, particularly flexural, tensile, and impact performance, with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) being the most commonly used polymer matrix and poplar the predominant lignocellulosic reinforcement. In addition, the use of compatibilizers such as maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE) significantly improves interfacial adhesion and mechanical performance. Although WPC exhibit considerable potential for construction applications, important challenges remain related to durability, material variability, and the lack of experimental standardization.