Key result
Microvascular obstruction of coronary arteries increases the mortality rate and major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Why the study?
Microvascular obstruction increases mortality and major adverse cardiac events after PCI for AMI, but many questions regarding its pathogenesis remain unanswered.
This review highlights the multifactorial pathogenesis of microvascular obstruction in AMI patients and suggests that nicorandil and L-type calcium channel blockers may offer therapeutic benefits, while identifying gaps in current knowledge.
Should not yet alter post-PCI care in AMI; leaves open whether microvascular obstruction is a modifiable target.
Microvascular obstruction (MVO) of coronary arteries increases the mortality rate and major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). According to preliminary data platelets, inflammation, Ca2+ overload, neuropeptide Y, and endothelin-1 could be involved in the pathogenesis of MVO. Many questions related to the pathogenesis of MVO remain unanswered. The role of endothelial cell damage in the formation of MVO in patients with AMI and PCI is unknown. It is unclear whether nitric oxide (NO) production reduces or decreases sensitivity of smooth muscle cells of coronary arteries to NO in patients with MVO. It was obtained only indirect evidence on the involvement of inflammation in the development of MVO. The role of ROS in the pathogenesis of MVO is not studied. The role of necroptosis and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of MVO in patients with AMI and PCI is also not studied.The significance of thromboxane A, vasopressin, angiotensin II, and prostacyclin in the formation of MVO is unknown before. It was not obtained conclusive evidence on the involvement of coronary artery spasm in the development of MVO. Correlation analysis of the neuropeptide Y, endothelin-1 levels and the MVO size in patients with AMI and PCI was not performed. It is not clear whether endogenous adrenaline exacerbates MVO or, conversely, prevents MVO.
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Ryabov et al. (2023) conducted a review in Acute myocardial infarction and microvascular obstruction. Microvascular obstruction was evaluated. Microvascular obstruction of coronary arteries increases the mortality rate and major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
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