Key result
Combined CSF-plasma cytokine profiles correctly classify ~97% of enterovirus versus parechovirus infections.
Why the study?
Host immune responses to EV and PeV-A3 in children, especially innate responses to PeV-A3, remain largely unknown.
Do enterovirus and parechovirus type A3 systemic/CNS infections induce distinct cytokine and chemokine immune responses in the CSF and plasma of young infants compared to uninfected controls?
Case-Control (n=71)
No
Do enterovirus and parechovirus type A3 systemic/CNS infections induce distinct cytokine and chemokine immune responses in the CSF and plasma of young infants compared to uninfected controls?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Distinct compartmentalized innate immune responses—robust in CSF for enterovirus and robust in plasma for parechovirus A3—explain why PeV-A3-infected infants experience higher, prolonged fevers despite an absence of CSF pleocytosis.
BACKGROUND: Enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus type A3 (PeV-A3) cause infections ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Host immune responses in children, particularly innate responses to PeV-A3, remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine aspects of the cytokine/chemokine responses to EV and PeV-A3 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma obtained from children with systemic/central nervous system infection. METHODS: A total of 74 salvaged CSF samples (27 with EV, 23 with PeV-A3, and 24 with neither EV nor PeV-A3) and 35 paired blood samples (10 with EV, 14 with PeV-A3, and 11 with neither) were studied. Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were measured using a customized 21-plex MILLIPLEX MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel. Additionally, clinical characteristics data for all the patients were collected from electronic medical records to evaluate the potential association between the immune response and presentations. RESULTS: We demonstrate that EV and PeV-A3 infections induce different cytokine/chemokine immune responses in children. EV induces more robust responses in CSF with significantly elevated levels of fractalkine, interferon (IFN)-α2, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1Rα, IL-4, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α; PeV-A3 induces less robust or absent responses in CSF but robust responses in plasma, with significantly higher concentrations of IFN-α2, IL-15, IL-1Rα, interferon-γ-inducible protein-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. CONCLUSIONS: High cytokine/chemokine concentrations in the plasma of PeV-A3 patients compared with EV patients could explain higher/more prolonged fever in PeV-A3 patients, whereas relatively low cytokine/chemokine concentrations in PeV-A3 CSF might explain the absence of CSF pleocytosis.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Sasidharan et al. (2020) conducted a case-control in Systemic or central nervous system enterovirus (EV) or parechovirus type A3 (PeV-A3) infection (n=71). Enterovirus (EV) or Parechovirus type A3 (PeV-A3) systemic/CNS infection vs. Control patients with CSF negative for both EV and PeV-A3 was evaluated on Cytokine and chemokine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma (21-plex panel) and rate of correct classification (RCC) using discriminant analysis (p=<0.05). Enterovirus induced significantly higher CSF cytokine responses whereas parechovirus A3 induced stronger plasma responses, with combined CSF-plasma profiles classifying 97.1% of patients.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: