Key result
The EV71 vaccine induced an IRF7-regulated type I interferon and antiviral network in both primary and recall responses, while uniquely upregulating T cell, B cell, and humoral immune activation genes during the recall response.
Systems biology analysis reveals that the EV71 vaccine induces a robust recall response characterized by T-cell and B-cell activation, with MX1 and IP-10 serving as potential biomarkers for immune persistence.
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May guide MX1/IP-10 monitoring for persistence; extends systems-level mapping of EV71 vaccine recall immunity.
Three inactivated EV71 whole-virus vaccines have completed Phase III clinical trials in mainland China, with high efficacy, satisfactory safety, and sustained immunogenicity. However, the molecular mechanisms how this new vaccine elicit potent immune response remain poorly understood. To characterize the primary and recall responses to EV71 vaccines, PBMC from 19 recipients before and after vaccination with EV71 vaccine are collected and their gene expression signatures after stimulation with EV71 antigen were compared. The results showed that primary and recall response to EV71 antigen have both activated an IRF7 regulating type I interferon and antiviral immune response network. However, up-regulated genes involved in T cell activation regulated by IRF1, inflammatory response, B-cell activation and humoral immune response were only observed in recall response. The specific secretion of IL-10 in primary response and IL-2,IP-10,CCL14a, CCL21 in recall response was consistent with the activation of immune response process found in genes. Furthermore, the expression of MX1 and secretion of IP-10 in recall response were strongly correlated with NTAb level at 180d after vaccination (r = 0.81 and 0.99). In summary, inflammatory response, adaptive immune response and a stronger antiviral response were indentified in recall response.
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Shao et al. (2015) studied Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection / Hand foot and mouth disease (n=19). Inactivated EV71 whole-virus vaccine vs. Placebo was evaluated on Gene expression patterns and cytokine secretion in primary vs recall immune response. The EV71 vaccine induced an IRF7-regulated type I interferon and antiviral network in both primary and recall responses, while uniquely upregulating T cell, B cell, and humoral immune activation genes during the recall response.
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