Why the study?
Physical frailty is common and portends worse outcomes in heart failure, but social risk factors of frailty have not been well characterized in this population.
Are social risk factors associated with physical frailty in patients with heart failure?
Cross-Sectional
Are social risk factors associated with physical frailty in patients with heart failure?
Physical frailty affects about half of patients with heart failure (HF) and portends worse outcomes.1 Biological mechanisms (e.g. inflammation) and clinical manifestations (e.g. comorbidities) have been linked with physical frailty in HF,2 including sex differences.3 Although social risk factors of frailty (e.g. education, social support4) have been identified among older adults, these have not been well characterized in HF. Social risk factors may influence the development and manifestation of frailty, particularly among women.
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Denfeld et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Heart Failure. Social risk factors was evaluated on Physical frailty.
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