Design and simulation of resonant-periodic-gain cavity high-speed VCSELs and carrier transport influence on their modulation characteristics

We demonstrate a high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) design that has a resonant-periodic-gain (RPG) active region and 1 optical length cavity.We have developed a simulation model for the high-frequency modulation of a VCSEL based on the rate equation theory.Both /2 cavity and 1 RPG cavity VCSELs are in good agreement with the calculation results of our optimization model.The optical confinement factor, oxide aperture, escape and capture lifetime of carriers, p-doped distributed Bragg reflector (p-DBR) reflectivity and photon lifetime, and gain suppression coefficient are all taken into consideration.Their effects on the modulation frequency response characteristics of devices are analyzed.The 3 dB resonant frequency response bandwidth of this VCSEL can reach 60 GHz at an 11 mA bias current.Our advanced cavity design, in conjunction with the simulation model, offers valuable insights into enhancing the high-speed modulation performance of VCSELs.