Key result
Modifiable risk factors including obesity, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes negatively affect coronary flow reserve values in individuals without established coronary artery disease.
Why the study?
The study aimed to indicate the influence of CAD risk factors on CFR values assessed by TTE in patients without verified CAD.
Do modifiable risk factors negatively affect coronary flow reserve assessed by transthoracic echocardiography in patients without verified coronary artery disease?
Do modifiable risk factors negatively affect coronary flow reserve assessed by transthoracic echocardiography in patients without verified coronary artery disease?
Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors negatively impact coronary flow reserve even in patients without established coronary artery disease, highlighting its potential utility in early risk stratification.
Goal: To indicate the influence of risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary flow reserve (CFR) values assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in patients without verified CAD. Methods: The paper presents an analysis of the available literature from reference databases covering the mentioned topic. Results: TTE-CFR presents a ratio of hyperaemic coronary blood flow during maximum vasodilation in relation to resting coronary blood flow. The most commonly used vasodilators are dipyridamole and adenosine (adenosine 140 mcgkgmin (1-2 min), dipyridamole 0.84 mgkg6 min). Age and female gender have a lesser effect on the values of hyperemic CFR. Ethnic differences (vascularization, left ventricle structure) can influence the CFR values. Also, obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, elevated values of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obstructive sleep apnea in a healthy population can have a negative effect on CFR values.
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Begić et al. (2022) conducted a review in Coronary artery disease. Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea) vs. Absence of risk factors was evaluated on Coronary flow reserve (CFR) values assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. Modifiable risk factors including obesity, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes negatively affect coronary flow reserve values in individuals without established coronary artery disease.
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