3D Land Administration for 3D Land Uses

The increasing complexity of densely built-up areas and infra-structures (3D Land Uses) requires the proper registration of the legal status of built environment (private and public), which only can be provided to a limited extent by the existing 2D representations. This is the fourth themed issue on the topic of 3D Land Administration, showing the continuous progress in this fi eld. The earlier issues on the topic are published as: 3D Cadastres (editors Lemmen, van Oosterom, 2003); 3D Cadastres II (editor van Oosterom, 2013); and Research and development progress in 3D cadastral systems (editors van Oosterom and Dimopoulou, 2019). In addition, the FIG (International Federation of Surveyors) published FIG Publication 72, Best Practices 3D Cadastres (editor van Oosterom, Complete delivery of the 3D land administration theory, along with its practical implementation, is a multi-disciplinary problem. Each of the involved academic disciplines (i.e. legal foundations, 3D survey/ initial registration, 3D information modelling, 3D spatial DBMS and Visualization) that is being made, within those certain disciplines, but also This is resulting in the development of prototype and operational systems supporting (a part of) 3D Land Administration. Moving forward, there is no single major bottleneck, but working towards 3D Land Administration will remain a multi-faceted the has