Key result
HIV-1 infection mirrors elderly adipose inflammation while uniquely driving mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired adipogenesis.
Observational
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Demonstrates shared inflammation alongside distinct metabolic dysfunctions between HIV lipodystrophy and advanced age, indicating tissue aging only partially explains fat loss.
Lipodystrophy is a major disturbance in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Several systemic alterations in PLWH are reminiscent of those that occur in ageing. It is unknown whether the lipodystrophy in PLWH is the consequence of accelerated ageing in adipose tissue. We compared systemic and adipose tissue disturbances in PLWH with those in healthy elderly individuals (~80 y old). We observed similarly enhanced expression of inflammation-related genes and decreased autophagy in adipose tissues from elderly individuals and PLWH. Indications of repressed adipogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction were found specifically in PLWH, whereas reduced telomere length and signs of senesce were specific to elderly individuals. We conclude that ageing of adipose tissue accounts only partially for the alterations in adipose tissues of PLWH.
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Domingo et al. (2022) conducted an observational in HIV lipodystrophy. HIV-1 infection vs. Healthy elderly individuals (~80 years old) was evaluated on Systemic and adipose tissue disturbances (inflammation-related gene expression, autophagy, adipogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere length, and senescence). HIV-1 infection shared adipose tissue inflammation and reduced autophagy with healthy elderly (~80 y), but uniquely showed repressed adipogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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