Why the study?
Sleep and circadian factors are key to cardiovascular health, but subjective and objective sleep metrics can diverge and standard circadian biomarker assessments are burdensome.
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Design
Review
Enables standardized sleep assessment in future CV trials; leaves open translation to hypertension management.
Sleep is recognized in Life's Essential 8™ as an important behavioral factor for improving and maintaining cardiovascular health. While sleep duration is currently the focus in Life's Essential 8™, sleep health is multidimensional and encompasses regularity, satisfaction, next-day alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration. In addition to sleep, circadian factors have also been implicated in cardiovascular health. For example, shift work, which results in significant circadian misalignment, is associated with poor cardiovascular health. This review will describe methods for measuring, analyzing, and interpreting sleep and circadian rhythms in humans. Subjective and objective measurements of sleep are not always concordant and may reflect distinct constructs. Therefore, both subjective and objective sleep measurements are discussed. Assessment of the circadian system in humans typically relies on the measurement of circadian biomarkers (i.e., melatonin, core body temperature, and/or cortisol) during rigorous and burdensome research protocols. However, novel approaches are being developed to estimate circadian parameters with lower cost and participant burden. This review aims to inform cardiovascular scientists and clinicians of common practices in the assessment of sleep and circadian rhythms.
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Williams et al. (2025) studied this question.
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