Review uncovers genomic, metabolic, and epigenetic pathways governing climate resilience in domestic goats, highlighting targets for precision livestock breeding.
Key Points
Synthesize recent discoveries regarding the genomic, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms that facilitate goat adaptation to extreme heat, cold, and high-altitude hypoxia.
Synthesized advances in goat genomics, focusing on telomere-to-telomere reference genome assemblies.
Evaluated functional evidence linking candidate genes, immune signaling pathways, and epigenetic regulators to environmental stress tolerance.
Identified key genes—including HSP70, ACTHR, EPAS1, SLC2A1, FGF12, and UCP1—that govern oxygen metabolism, thermoregulation, and cellular stress responses.
Demonstrated that immune signaling cascades and epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, act synergistically to confer environmental resilience.