2023 Korean Society of Echocardiography position paper for diagnosis and management of valvular heart disease, part I: aortic valve disease

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Treatment of aortic stenosis (AS): timing of intervention. AVA, aortic valve area; AVR, aortic valve replacement; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; EF, ejection fraction; HG, high gradient; LEF, low ejection fraction; LF, low flow; LG, low gradient; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MG, mean pressure gradient; NEF, normal ejection fraction; NF, normal flow; SE, stress echocardiography; SVI, stroke volume index; Vmax, peak aortic jet velocity. aThe American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline [1] and the European Society of Cardiology guidelines [2] recommend AVR for asymptomatic AS patients with Vmax ≥ 5.0 m/sec. bTransesophageal echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography with aortic valve calcium score, or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging should be considered

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  Fig. 2. Treatment of aortic stenosis (AS): choice of intervention. AVR, aortic valve replacement; SAVR; surgical aortic valve replacement; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; PROM, 30-day predicted risk of mortality score; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement

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  Fig. 3. Treatment of aortic regurgitation (AR). AV, aortic valve; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVESDI, left ventricular end-systolic dimension index