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Nowadays botnet-based threat, such as ransomwares, trojans and botnets per se, is still very dangerous for our privacy and data. Depending on their management architecture (centralized, decentralized, hybrid), they could be controlled from single or multi point servers called Command&Control (C2), what makes them very difficult to detect and mitigate before malicious action takes place.
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Ostap et al. (2022) studied this question.
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