A Review on Optimization Techniques of Antennas Using AI and ML / DL Algorithms

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) aided communications grabbed huge attention to providing solutions for mathematical problems in wireless communications, by using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms. This paper initially presents a short background on AI, CEM, and the role of AI / ML / DL in antennas. A study on ML / DL algorithms and the optimization techniques of antenna parameters using various ML / DL algorithms are presented. Finally, the application areas of AI in antennas are illustrated.