High-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in ischemic stroke and carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis: A review

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Nearly 150,000 (5%) people died of ischemic stroke in the United States in 2016. Ischemic stroke is responsible for approximately 20% of all causes of death in China.

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  Fig. 2. A 62-year-old female, HR-VWI showed: MRA showed severe stenosis in the initial segment of the left internal carotid artery (A); Left basal ganglia infarction (B); T1W showed the presence of plaques in the vascular wall of the initial segment of the left internal carotid artery (C), and pre-contract and post-contract PDW showed a large area of lipid load (D, G); T2W showed severe stenosis of vascular wall and significant narrowing of vascular lumen (E); Post-contract T1W showed plaque enhancement (F).

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  Fig. 3. Case 1: A 60-year-old male 2D HR-VWI showed: MRA showed stenosis in the initial segment of the right internal carotid artery (A), pre-contract 2D T1W showed the presence of plaques with clear boundaries (B), and post-contract 2D T1W showed partial enhancement of plaques (C). Case 2: A 59-year-old male 3D HR-VW showed: MRA showed stenosis in the initial segment of the left internal carotid artery(D), pre-contract 3D T1W showed plaque blockage (E), and post-contract 3D T1W showed enhancement at the edge of the plaque.