This study introduces an innovative tri-band shared-aperture antenna (TSAA) array, designed to align with the demands of current base station antennas in facilitating multi-band integration and enabling independent control. Different antenna types are utilized for each operating band, including 3-D-printed dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) for the middle bands (MB: 3.4–3.6 GHz) and high bands (HB: 5.4–5.6 GHz), and dipole antennas for the low band (LB: 1.85–2.15 GHz). The TSAA comprises a1× 4dipole antenna array for LB, a2× 7MB antenna array located at the edges of the aperture, and a2× 12HB antenna array at the aperture center. The LB antenna array is positioned above the HB and MB antenna arrays, providing wideband electromagnetic (EM) transparency for both HB and MB simultaneously. By exploiting the high dielectric permittivity of the DRAs, the overall array profile is miniaturized to0.13λ ₀(λ ₀represents the free-space wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of LB). At the same time, the spacing of the antenna unit meets scanning conditions for suppressing grating lobes and achieving wide-angle control of each frequency band. Additionally, adopting symmetricη-shaped stripline coupled feeding technology in the LB antenna effectively improves the problem of tilted radiation patterns typically observed in the HB antenna.
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Sun et al. (2024) studied this question.
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