The impact of domestic material consumption and energy mix on socioeconomic indicators—A global analysis from 1990 to 2022

Relevance Understanding the relationship between economic growth, resource consumption, and social development is crucial for sustainable policy-making. While economic expansion is often linked to improved well-being, its effects depend on material consumption patterns and energy dependency. Goals This study aims to examine how domestic material consumption (DMC) and energy structure influence human development, particularly across different economic contexts. Methods Using a panel data approach, the research applies econometric models to analyze the impact of DMC and energy dependency on social indicators. Results Findings indicate that excessive DMC can hinder sustainable progress, while a higher share of renewable energy contributes to long-term social development and economic stability. Conclusion The study highlights the need for resource-efficient policies and energy diversification, contributing to the literature on sustainable growth and development strategies.