Maintained exercise‐enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men

High‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) improves cerebral executive function (EF), but the improvement in EF is attenuated after reρeated HIIE, perhaρs because of lower lactate availability for the brain. This investigation examined whether imρroved EF after exercise relates to brain lactate uρtake. Fourteen healthy, male subjects performed 2 HIIE protocols separated by 60 min of rest. Blood samples were obtained from the right internal jugular venous bulb and from the brachial artery to determine arterial‐venous differences across the brain for lactate (a‐v diff lactate ), glucose (a‐v diff glucose ), oxygen (a‐v diff oxygen ), and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; a‐v diff BDNF ). EF was evaluated by the color‐word Stroop task. The first HIIE improved EF for 40 min, whereas the second HIIE improved EF only immediately after exercise. The a‐v diff glucose was unchanged, whereas the a‐v diff BDNF increased similarly after both HIIEs, and the a‐v diff lactate increased, but the increase was attenuated after the second HIIE, compared with the first HIIE (P <0.05). The EF after HIIE correlated with the a‐v diff lactate ( r 2 = 0.62; P < 0.01). We propose that attenuated improvement in EF after repeated HIIE relates to reduced cerebral lactate metabolism and is, thereby, linked to systemic metabolism as an example of the lactate shuttle mechanism.— Hashimoto, T., Tsukamoto, H., Takenaka, S., Olesen, N. D., Petersen, L. G., Sørensen, H., Nielsen, H. B., Secher, N. H., Ogoh, S. Maintained exercise‐enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men. FASEB J. 32, 1417‐1427 (2018). www.fasebj.org