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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) represent a diverse group of double-stranded DNA viruses associated with various types of cancers, notably cervical cancer. High-risk types of HPVs exhibit their oncogenic potential through the integration of their DNA into the host genome. This integration event contributes significantly to genomic instability and the progression of malignancy. However, traditional detection methods, such as immunohistochemistry or PCR-based assays, face inherent challenges, and thus alternative tools are being developed to fasten and simplify the analysis. Our study introduces an innovative biosensing platform that combines loop-mediated amplification with electrochemical (EC) analysis for the specific detection of HPV16 integration. By targeting key elements like the E7 mRNA, a central player in HPV integration, and the E2 viral gene transcript lost upon integration, we show clear distinction between episomal and integrated forms of HPV16. Our EC data confirmed higher E7 expression in HPV16-positive cell lines having integrated forms of viral genome, while E2 expression was diminished in cells with fully integrated genomes. Moreover, we revealed distinct expression patterns in cervical tissue of patients, correlating well with digital droplet PCR, qRT-PCR, or immunohistochemical staining. Our platform thus offers insights into HPV integration in clinical samples and facilitates further advancements in cervical cancer research and diagnostics.
Izadi et al. (Tue,) studied this question.