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This paper deals with the difficulties of blind travellers in acquiring a new route. The problems of providing relevant non-visual information in non-visual modes are discussed. Three route-maps are described. The results of an experiment comparing these three show that with any one at least half the Ss were able to complete a completely unfamiliar route without additional instructions. The findings are discussed in relation to individual differences and cost-effectiveness.
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Leonard et al. (1970) studied this question.
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