Impact of a kidney-adjusted ERAS® protocol on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy

309 patients undergoing open or robotic partial nephrectomy (nephron-sparing surgery)

Kidney-adjusted ERAS protocol (kERAS) focusing on optimized perioperative fluid and nutrition management and strict intraoperative and postoperative blood pressure limits

Standard protocol (retrospective cohort without application of the kERAS protocol)

Development of acute postoperative renal failure (AKI), achievement of TRIFECTA criteria, upstaging or new onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and length of hospital stay (LOS)hard clinical