Motivation and its determinants among community pharmacists in Vietnam: insights and intervention opportunities from network analysis

This study was conducted to assess the intrinsic, organisational, and sociocultural motivational factors of community pharmacists. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 437 community pharmacists in Vietnam. The interactions between motivational factors were visually depicted using network analysis. Compared to organisational factors (4.00) and sociocultural factors (3.98), pharmacist motivation mainly came from intrinsic factors (4.04). Intrinsic motivation was significantly higher among those who were single, widowed or divorced ( p = 0.025); working in pharmacies or pharmacy chains ( p = 0.032); and in urban areas ( p = 0.027). Supervision, work pride and internal recognition were the most central factors in the motivational network. These findings suggest that future research and interventions targeting supervision, work pride and internal recognition may generate a spillover effect—producing broader impacts across the motivational system, thereby improving work motivation.