The features of extra-articular tibia-fibula fractures (ETFFs)

This study aims to analyze and describe the characteristics of extra-articular tibia-fibula fractures (ETFFs) using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) mapping. A retrospective study was conducted in 97 skeletally mature patients with ETFFs, involving 99 affected legs. CT data were manually reconstructed and virtually reduced to align the fracture fragments with a standardized 3D model of the tibia and fibula. Smooth curves were drawn to represent the fracture lines, and fragment surfaces were traced on the template model surface to create the map. Tibial fracture lines were primarily distributed in the distal two-fifths of the diaphysis, whereas fibular fracture lines were mainly located in the distal one-quarter of the shaft above the syndesmosis. Fracture lines and fragments were predominantly concentrated in the distal segments of both bones, with distinct distributional features in the middle and proximal diaphysis. The study successfully mapped the characteristics of ETFFs using 3D CT imaging, revealing specific locations and patterns of fracture lines and fragments. This mapping technique may improve the understanding of ETFF morphology and provide a descriptive reference for future studies on diagnosis and treatment planning.