What question did this study set out to answer?

To examine whether the Filioque dispute represents an irreconcilable ontological difference or a linguistic translation artifact, evaluating responses to the 1995 Vatican Clarification.

August 14, 2026ReligionsOpen Access

The Filioque as an Over-Thousand-Year-Old Aporia in Orthodox–Catholic Relations: The Vatican’s 1995 Clarification on the Procession of the Holy Spirit as a Source of Hope for Changes in the Doctrine and Liturgical Practice of the Roman Catholic Church

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KLKrzysztof LeśniewskiJohn Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

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Implication

Theological analysis evaluates ecumenical perspectives on the Filioque controversy, suggesting synodal dialogue is essential to resolve Catholic-Orthodox doctrinal divisions.

Key Points

To examine whether the Filioque dispute represents an irreconcilable ontological difference or a linguistic translation artifact, evaluating responses to the 1995 Vatican Clarification.
Analyzed the 1995 Vatican Clarification document on the Greek and Latin traditions concerning the procession of the Holy Spirit.
Evaluated Roman Catholic reconceptions of Trinitarian models alongside Eastern Orthodox patristic distinctions between eternal theology and historical economy.
Identified Catholic attempts to reconcile nonsequential procession models with the Monarchy of the Father and historical Western council dogmas.
Showed that Orthodox theologians maintain a strict separation between eternal divine life and historical actions, rejecting modern collapsed frameworks.
Found that the unilateral canonical insertion of the Filioque remains the core ecclesiological barrier to restoring shared communion.

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Krzysztof Leśniewski (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7ec775b70b84ec8b913cfe https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17080951

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Implication

Theological analysis evaluates ecumenical perspectives on the Filioque controversy, suggesting synodal dialogue is essential to resolve Catholic-Orthodox doctrinal divisions.

The Filioque as an Over-Thousand-Year-Old Aporia in Orthodox–Catholic Relations: The Vatican’s 1995 Clarification on the Procession of the Holy Spirit as a Source of Hope for Changes in the Doctrine and Liturgical Practice of the Roman Catholic Church

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Cite This Study

The Filioque as an Over-Thousand-Year-Old Aporia in Orthodox–Catholic Relations: The Vatican’s 1995 Clarification on the Procession of the Holy Spirit as a Source of Hope for Changes in the Doctrine and Liturgical Practice of the Roman Catholic Church

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