Mechanism Analysis and Prevention of Road Damage in High-Latitude Permafrost Regions

Frost heave and thaw settlement occur widely in northern China. Environmental change has increased their occurrence. High-latitude permafrost regions have high temperature sensitivity, experience freeze–thaw settlement, and exhibit unique rheological properties. Multiple roads have been damaged by freeze–thaw settlement, adversely affecting highway construction in high-latitude regions. This study assesses road damage in high-latitude permafrost regions and the underlying mechanisms and evolution. Highway construction in permafrost areas may encounter various problems due to freeze–thaw cycles, such as frost heaving, thaw settlement, and ice damage to roads. This study discusses countermeasures to prevent hazards and reduce risks. Multiple cases are analyzed to evaluate the measures’ effectiveness. The results indicate that the proposed measures maintain the road’s thermal stability, provide thermal insulation, and prevent disasters. This study provides insights into the long-term durability and stability of roads in permafrost regions and information for the structural design of roads in cold regions.