Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices among internally displaced households in Yemen: a cross sectional study

In crisis-affected settings, including contexts characterized by internal displacement, access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services is frequently disrupted or remains inadequate. To assess WASH practices and identify factors associated with good WASH practices among internally displaced households in crisis-affected settings. This study used a cross-sectional design and collected data through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. A total of 627 women from internally displaced were surveyed. Descriptive statistics were reported as proportions and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to quantify the associations between variables. Only 39.9% of households had good WASH practices. Women aged 31 to 39 years (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.05–2.47) and ≥ 40 years (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.19–3.72) were associated with better household WASH practices. Households without access to improved sanitation (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24–0.67) were less likely to have good WASH practice. These findings highlight the need for integrated public health and humanitarian interventions to improve WASH facilities in temporary shelters and strengthen targeted hygiene promotion, particularly among younger women.