Meta-Environment No14: Extracellular vesicle system is a distributed vesicle transport integrating cell-to-cell communication, senescence, and systemic regulation

The extracellular vesicle (VES) system has long been the "dark matter" of cell biology — the membrane vesicles secreted by cells were considered to be nothing more than cellular "garbage" or random fragments of membranes. However, over the past two decades, this paradigm has changed dramatically. Extracellular vesicles (exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) are a universal, body-wide system of cell-to-cell communication that transports proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, and DNA fragments between cells, tissues, and organs, providing a parallel signaling channel that does not duplicate classical endocrine and neural pathways. In this article, we substantiate that the extracellular vesicle system is an active meta-medium No14 that meets all four criteria of the meta-environment. With age, the profile of explosives changes: the number of vesicles increases, their molecular composition (microRNAs, proteins, lipids) changes, which contributes to the spread of inflammation, senescence and age-associated diseases. Systemic restoration of the vesicular network using the Quatotron method through multimodal physical action aimed at normalizing the vesicular profile, reducing the production of pathological vesicles and restoring healthy intercellular communication is presented. Understanding EV as a meta-environment opens up new opportunities for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of age-associated diseases, neurodegenerations, and cancers.