Key result
Low antihypertensive drug adherence was strongly associated with increased odds of frailty syndrome among patients with hypertension (aOR 27.69; 95% CI 7.05-108.69; p<0.0001).
Why the study?
Data on frailty syndrome among hypertensive patients on medication are scarce in sub-Saharan Africa.
What is the prevalence of frailty syndrome and its associated factors among Ghanaian patients with hypertension?
Cross-Sectional (n=303)
No
What is the prevalence of frailty syndrome and its associated factors among Ghanaian patients with hypertension?
Approximately 60% of Ghanaian adult patients with hypertension experience frailty, which is strongly associated with older age, unmarried status, hypertension complications, and low medication adherence.
May warrant frailty screening in nonadherent hypertensive patients; leaves open causal links and intervention effects.
Background and Aim Frailty is a condition marked by accumulation of biological deficits and dysfunctions that come with aging and it is correlated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension. Hypertension continues to be a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and premature death globally. However, there is dearth of literature in sub‐Saharan Africa on frailty syndrome among hypertensives on medication. This study evaluated frailty syndrome and its associated factors among Ghanaian hypertensives. Methods This cross‐sectional study recruited 303 patients with hypertension from the University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors were collected using a well‐structured questionnaire. Medication adherence was measured using Adherence in Chronic Disease Scale, and frailty was assessed by Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 26.0 and GraphPad prism 8.0. p‐ value of < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of frailty was 59.7%. The proportion of high, medium and low medication adherence was 23.4%, 64.4% and 12.2%, respectively. Being ≥ 70years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 8.33, 95% CI [3.72–18.67], p < 0.0001), unmarried (aOR: 2.59, 95% CI [1.37–4.89], p = 0.0030), having confirmed hypertension complications (aOR: 3.21, 95% CI [1.36–7.53], p = 0.0080), medium (aOR: 1.99, 95% CI [1.05–3.82], p = 0.0360) and low antihypertensive drug adherence (aOR: 27.69, 95% CI [7.05–108.69], p < 0.0001) were independent predictors of increased odds of developing frailty syndrome. Conclusion Approximately 6 out of 10 Ghanaian adult patients with hypertension experience frailty syndrome. Hypertension complications, older age, being unmarried, and low antihypertensive drug adherence increased the chances of developing frailty syndrome. These should be considered in intervention programmes to prevent frailty among patients with hypertension.
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Sakyi et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=303). Low antihypertensive drug adherence was evaluated on Frailty syndrome (aOR 27.69, 95% CI 7.05-108.69, p=< 0.0001). Low antihypertensive drug adherence was strongly associated with increased odds of frailty syndrome among patients with hypertension (aOR 27.69; 95% CI 7.05-108.69; p<0.0001).
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