Key result
Short-term intake of ruminant or industrial trans fatty acids did not significantly affect brachial artery flow-mediated dilation compared to a diet without TFA (rTFA vs wTFA difference -0.98%).
Why the study?
Does a diet enriched with 2% of daily energy intake from ruminant or industrial trans fatty acids affect endothelial function in healthy volunteers aged 45 to 69 years?
RCT (n=142)
Double-blind
Randomly allocated
Does a diet enriched with 2% of daily energy intake from ruminant or industrial trans fatty acids affect endothelial function in healthy volunteers aged 45 to 69 years?
Mean Difference: -0.98 (95% CI -2–0.04)
Short-term intake of trans fatty acids at 2% of daily energy from ruminant or industrial sources does not negatively impact endothelial function in healthy adults, though ruminant sources slightly increased LDL cholesterol.
Reassures on endothelial safety of low TFA intake; extends RCT evidence beyond lipids to vascular function in healthy middle-aged adults.
Objective The aim of this study was to determine short-term effects of trans fatty acid (TFA) intake from ruminant and industrial sources on surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk in the context of a balanced diet with 30-36% of daily energy from fat. Design Prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-design study. Methods In this study, 142 healthy volunteers aged 45 to 69 years were randomly allocated to three different diets: either a diet enriched with 2% of daily energy intake from ruminant TFA (rTFA) or with industrial TFA (iTFA), or a diet without TFA (wTFA), for a duration of four weeks. The primary outcome parameter was endothelial function measured by brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD). Secondary outcome parameters included biomarkers for inflammation, coagulation and endothelial function and lipid profiles. One hundred and twenty-nine participants completed the study. Results Neither alpine butter with TFA from ruminant source nor margarine with industrially produced TFA showed significant effects on brachial artery FMD (FMD% differences: rTFA vs. iTFA 0.04 (95% confidence interval 0.91 to 0.98), rTFA vs. wTFA -0.98 (-2.00 to 0.04) and iTFA vs. wTFA -1.04 (-2.38 to 0.30). With rTFA, there was a small but significant increase of total cholesterol: rTFA over wTFA 1.04 (1.00 to 1.07 mmol/l) and LDL-cholesterol: rTFA over wTFA 1.08 (1.03 to 1.14 mmol/l) without concomitant increase of biomarkers for inflammation or coagulation. Conclusions Short-term intake of TFA at 2% of total daily energy intake from neither ruminant nor industrially produced sources does not have any negative impact on brachial artery FMD, inflammation and coagulation markers in healthy subjects.
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Radtke et al. (2016) conducted an RCT in Healthy (n=142). Trans fatty acid (TFA) from ruminant (rTFA) or industrial (iTFA) sources vs. Diet without TFA (wTFA) was evaluated on Endothelial function measured by brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) (MD -0.98, 95% CI -2.00 to 0.04). Short-term intake of ruminant or industrial trans fatty acids did not significantly affect brachial artery flow-mediated dilation compared to a diet without TFA (rTFA vs wTFA difference -0.98%).
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