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A simple bit-error rate (BER) formula for DPSK optical heterodyne systems employing polarisation diversity is presented. It is shown by this formula that the power penalty at BER = 10−9 owing to the polarisation diversity is only 0.4 dB, showing good agreement with previous computer-simulation results. The effect of the laser phase noise can also be considered.
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Okoshi et al. (1988) studied this question.
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