Regulator of Calcineurin (RCAN): Beyond Down Syndrome Critical Region.

Figures

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  Fig. 1. RCAN functions (see Table 1 and Fig. 3). RCANs are expressed in various tissues and organs and participate in specialized roles in gene expression, development, metabolism, and behaviors. RCANs are detected not only in cytoplasm but also in subcellular organelles including mitochondria and nucleus.

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  Fig. 2. Discovery and nomenclature of RCANs. Since identified as a novel gene in human chromosome 21 and named DSCR1 in 1995, RCANs are reported multiple times in different names and different species, including yeasts, pathogenic fungus, worms, flies, mice, and human cells. In 2007, finally, a new nomenclature system was proposed to use RCAN.

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  Fig. 3. Human RCAN Family members. RCAN genes contain seven exons. RCAN1-1 transcripts (exons 1,5,6,7) produce RCAN1-1L (252 aa) and RCAN1-1S (197 aa) using different start codons in exon 1, while RCAN1-4 transcripts (exons 4,5,6,7) do RCAN1-4 protein (197 aa). RCAN2-1 or RCAN2-2 transcripts (exons 1,3,5,6,7 or exons 2,3,5,6,7) produce RCAN2-3/RCAN2L (243 aa) and RCAN2-4 Transcripts (exons 4,5,6,7) produce RCAN2-4/RCAN2S (197 aa). All RCAN3 transcripts, RCAN3-1, -2, and -3 (exons 1,4,5,6,7; 2,4,6,7; 3,4,5,6,7), produce only one translational product of RCAN3 (241 aa). Green arrows indicate start codons and open red arrowheads point stop codons. Introns containing promoters for the transcripts starting exon 4 are shown in orange. Untranslated regions are in light blue. NCBI database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/) indicates that other transcript variants are detected in various RNA-seq datasets, but their predicted translational products have not confirmed.