Subject-specific one-dimensional fluid dynamics model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Figures

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  Figure 1:. Process for extracting 1D arterial network for one subject, including (a) arterial identification from MRI images, (b) 3D segmentations of the arterial network and (c) network extraction obtained by conversion from the 3D segmentations.

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  Figure 2:. Schematic of model calibration process for Windkessel parameters with experimental pressure, area and flow data.

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  Figure 3:. Comparison between measured data and model prediction. (a) systolic pressure, (b) diastolic pressure, (c) Systolic are and (d) diastolic area.

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  Figure 4:. Measured hemodynamics and model predictions for a representative subject. Figure 3(a,b) shows model pressure predictions (solid lines) compared to measured systolic and diastolic pressure (dashed lines) for a representative animal in which mPAP increased from 20 to 51 mmHg from baseline (blue; left) to CTEPH (red; right). Figure 3(c,d) illustrates the predicted areas values from the model (solid lines) and the measured systolic and diastolic pressures at MPA (dashed lines) for the same animal. The animal exhibited an increase in mean area from 1.75 to 3.2 (cm2) from the baseline (blue; left) to the CTEPH (red; right) condition. For the same animal, Figures 2(e,f) and 2(g,h) show LPA flow and RPA flow, respectively, from measurements (black) and model predictions (blue, left at baseline and red, right with CTEPH). In this animal, a notable decrease in mean flow at LPA was observed after CTEPH induction, decreasing from 10.02 to 7.40 (mL/s), which represents a reduction of approximately 26%. Conversely, an increase in mean flow of approximately 46% was observed in the right lung.

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  Figure 5:. Changes in the material stiffness terms (a), proximal resistance (b), distal resistance (c) and compliance (d) from Base (blue) to CTEPH(red)

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  Figure 6:. MPA, LPA, RPA and Intralobar arteries TAWSS under baseline (blue) and CTEPH (red) conditions; n=5

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  Figure 7:. 3D map of TAWSS distribution across the entire arterial network for a representative animal at baseline (a) and CTEPH (b). This map demonstrates the changes in TAWSS that occurred in response to CTEPH induction throughout different segments of the network.

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  Figure 8:. MPA (a), LPA(b), RPA (c) and Intralobar arteries (d) OSI under baseline (blue) and CTEPH (red) conditions; n=5.

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  Figure 9:. The percentage of vessels that have TAWSS<5 dyn/cm and OSI>0.05 at baseline (blue) and CTEPH (red) conditions; n=5.