Key result
Blood flow restriction models reveal effort perception relies on hierarchical integration of peripheral and central signals.
Why the study?
How effort perception is reconstructed across multilevel physiological and cognitive mechanisms, and how blood flow restriction amplifies these interactions, requires an integrative framework.
This narrative review synthesizes neurophysiological and psychological evidence to propose a hierarchical model of effort perception, highlighting how blood flow restriction distorts perception-action coupling.
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Supports hierarchical effort perception models in BFR contexts; leaves open prospective validation before cardiac rehab applications.
Yudai Takarada (2026) conducted a review in Effort perception. Blood flow restriction was evaluated. Blood flow restriction reveals that effort perception is reconstructed through a hierarchical integration of peripheral sensory signals, central motor inhibition, and higher-order cognitive appraisal.
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