Serum Free Fatty Acids were Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Complexity of Coronary Artery Disease in Premature Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Background: With the rapid change of lifestyle, the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) was gradually rising among young people, but the specific reason for it was unclear. There were many evidences suggesting free fatty acids (FFAs) were involved in progression of CAD, our study was designed to discuss the relationship between serum FFAs and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the complexity of coronary artery disease in premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) patients. Methods: 502 pCAD patients suffering from ACS confirmed by coronary angiography in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January to December 2019 were enrolled (ACS group), and 141 patients of the same age whose coronary angiography result was negative were selected during the same period (control group). The clinical data and characteristics of CAD among two groups were gathered and compared. Results: The level of FFAs in ACS group was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.001), and the value of FFAs in AMI group was higher than UA (P < 0.05) in both genders. The concentration of FFAs in three-vessel disease group was higher than double-vessel disease group and double-vessel disease group was higher than single-vessel disease group. The linear correlation coefficient between FFAs value and SYNTAX score was 0.370, P < 0.001. The AUC of FFAs to diagnose ACS was 0.798 (0.743-0.853, P < 0.001) in males, and 0.738 (0.677-0.800, P < 0.001) in females. Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated level of FFAs [odds ratio (OR) = 7.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.40-11.33, P < 0.001] was independently associated with ACS. Conclusions: Concentration of FFAs is an independent risk factor associated with the incidence of ACS in pCAD patients and positively correlated with the complexity of CAD.