Implementing Large-Scale Agile Frameworks: Challenges and Recommendations

On the basis of 13 agile transformation cases over 15 years, we identify nine challenges associated with implementing Scaled Agile Framework, Scrum at Scale, Spotify, Large-Scale Scrum, Nexus, and other mixed or customized large-scale agile frameworks. These challenges should be considered by organizations aspiring to pursue a large-scale agile strategy. We also provide recommendations for practitioners and agile researchers.