In response to a small electrical voltage(typically around 1 volt), electrochromic will change, evoke bleach their color. The electricity induces the material a process of either (gain of electrons) or oxidation(loss of electrons). A chemical has a characteristic of energies over which will interact with wavelengths in the spectrum, but these or oxidation processes (collectively redox reactions) alter the bands the chemical will absorb. electrochromic materials, the change to the visible region of the spectrum.
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Roger J. Mortimer (2012) studied this question.