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Liquid biopsy has garnered significant attention as a noninvasive method for disease diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy using blood and other body fluids. In recent years, research focusing on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTC), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) has advanced, highlighting their potential applications in various diseases, including cancer. However, several challenges remain in practical implementation, such as the standardization of sample processing and analytical methods. This review outlines the main targets of analysis, clinical applications, and challenges associated with liquid biopsy as well as its future prospects, and discusses its role in personalized medicine.
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Kikuchi et al. (2025) studied this question.
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