DNA methylation and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DDX58 are associated with hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71

Figures

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  Fig 1. The methylation patterns of DDX58 and IFIH1 in EV71-HFMD patients and healthy controls. Each colored cell on the heatmap corresponds to an average concentration value in different groups. The methylation patterns of DDX58 in EV71-HFMD patients and healthy controls (A). DDX58 methylation levels of all samples, including healthy subjects and EV71-HFMD patients (B). The methylation patterns of IFIH1 in EV71-HFMD patients and healthy controls. (C). IFIH1 methylation levels of all samples, including those of healthy subjects and EV71-HFMD patients (D). ***p < 0.001.

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  Fig 2. DDX58 methylation levels of each positive CpG site (the 29, 134, 154, 232, 246 and 248 CpG sites) in all samples, including healthy subjects and EV71-HFMD patients (A). IFIH1 methylation levels of each positive CpG site (the 50 and 86 CpG sites) in all samples, including those of healthy subjects and EV71-HFMD patients. (B) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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  Fig 3. DDX58 methylation status and levels of each positive CpG site (the 29, 134, 154, 232, 246 and 248 CpG sites) between mild and severe EV71-HFMD patients. (A). IFIH1 methylation status and levels of each positive CpG site (the 50 and 86 CpG sites) between mild and severe EV71-HFMD patients. (B) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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  Fig 4. Determination of DDX58 mRNA expression in all samples (A). AUC of DDX58 mRNA levels between mild and severe EV71-HFMD patients (B). Determination of DDX58 mRNA expression between mild and severe EV71-HFMD patients (C). Determination of IFIH1 mRNA expression in all samples (D). AUC of IFIH1 mRNA levels between mild and severe EV71-HFMD patients (E). Determination of IFIH1 mRNA expression between mild and severe EV71-HFMD patients (F). ***p < 0.001.

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  Fig 5. Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis was performed between DDX58 and IFIH1 methylation and mRNA expression. All samples for DDX58 (A). EV71-HFMD patients for DDX58 (B). All samples for IFIH1 (C). EV71-HFMD patients for IFIH1 (D).

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  Fig 6. DDX58 expression levels in each genotype at polymorphic sites (A). DDX58 methylation levels in each genotype at polymorphic sites (B). IFIH1 expression levels in each genotype at polymorphic sites (C). IFIH1 methylation levels in each genotype at polymorphic sites (D) **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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  Fig 7. Biological interaction network of DDX58 (A) and IFIH1(B). Different colors represent diverse bioinformatics methods.