Functional Ultrasound Imaging of Auditory Responses in Comatose Patients

Bedside monitoring of brain function in severely brain-injured patients remains a critical clinical challenge. We demonstrate the translational potential of functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging for this purpose. In two comatose patients (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8) with cranial windows post-decompressive craniectomy, we used a 7.8 MHz transducer optimized for cortical depths of 1.5–4 cm to perform real-time fUS during auditory stimulation. We observed task-related increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in relevant brain regions (P < 10^-3, t-test), which correlated with subsequent neurological recovery at nine-month follow-up. These findings establish fUS as a sensitive and portable tool for bedside brain function assessment, offering potential for improved prognostication, treatment guidance, and development of targeted rehabilitative strategies.