This chapter summarizes the oxygen isotope geochemistry of terrestrial basalts and mantle sources, including the conceptual framework for interpreting such data and phenomenology of known variations. In particular, the first section outlines the for and first-order results of oxygen isotope studies of terrestrial and lunar over the last 30 years; the second section reviews oxygen isotopic fractionations phases relevant for studying basalts and mantle rocks; the third summarizes in δ^(18)O of various crustal rocks that may contribute to the petrogenesis of either as subducted source components or lithospheric contaminants; and the and longest section describes observed oxygen isotope variations of major classes terrestrial basalts and related mantle nodules with an emphasis on data generated the last six years using laser-based fluorination techniques. In the interests of , I do not describe in detail methods for oxygen isotope analysis or changes in δ^(18)O of volcanic rocks caused by sub-solidus alteration; however, these issues are practical considerations for anyone studying oxygen isotope compositions of and interested readers are directed to the following references: analytical : Sharp (1990), Mattey and Macpherson (1993), and Valley et al. (1995); basalt : Muehlenbachs (1986), Alt (1993), and Staudigel et al. (1995).
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John M. Eiler (2001) studied this question.