Application of 0.3-0.5 M Ca or 0.1−1.0 mM 2,4-D strongly inhibited russet spotting (RS) in iceberg lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) leaf tissues and significantly reduced extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. Since neither Ca nor 2,4-D reduced PAL activity in vitro, they may inhibit RS development by inhibiting in vivo PAL biosynthesis. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); and 1 H -indol-3-acetic acid (IAA).
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Ke et al. (1986) studied this question.