Optimizing Terahertz Communication Between Nanosensors in the Human Cardiovascular System and External Gateways

Nanotechnology enables the development of a new generation of devices at the scale of a few cubic micrometers that can sense, process, and communicate. Such small, imperceptible devices will revolutionize healthcare applications and enable new possibilities for in-body environments. This letter studies the intra-body communication channel between nanosensors flowing in the bloodstream and gateways attached to the skin using the terahertz (THz) spectrum. The channel model considers three layers through which the waveform travels: skin, tissue, and blood. To optimize the communication performance, this work investigates the impact of noise and mobility, and subsequently derives the trade-off between them. We illustrate the achievable bit error rate (BER) for THz intra-body channels considering communication through human tissue layers, including noise and random mobility of nanosensors in the blood system.