Femoroacetabular impingement: prevention or intervention? The sports physician's quandary

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a mechanical process by which the human hip fails due to pathological contact between the skeletal prominences of the acetabulum and the femur.This repetitive pathological contact occurs during normal activities of daily living as well as, more prominently, in an athletic population.This causes a microtraumatic effect and subsequently irreversible chondral damage to the acetabular as well as femoral surfaces-osteoarthritis of the hip joint. 1 Two types of impingement are identified: the first, pincer impingement, is due to an acetabular abnormality and results in over coverage of the femoral head.The second type, Cam impingement, results in femoral morphological change and alteration of the spherical portion at the head/neck junction of the femur.The majority of patients have a mixed picture, with features of Cam and pincer type of impingement. 2