What question did this study set out to answer?

To measure the kinematics, structure, and acceleration of the dense circumstellar medium surrounding the nearby core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf during its earliest post-explosion phases.

April 28, 2025The Astrophysical JournalOpen Access

The Immediate, Exemplary, and Fleeting Echelle Spectroscopy of SN 2023ixf: Monitoring Acceleration of Slow Progenitor Circumstellar Material Driven by Shock Interaction

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To measure the kinematics, structure, and acceleration of the dense circumstellar medium surrounding the nearby core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf during its earliest post-explosion phases.
Acquired high-resolution optical echelle spectra (R ≈ 70,000) using WIYN/NEID across nine epochs from 1.51 to 18.51 days post-explosion.
Monitored narrow emission-line profiles daily over the first 4 days to quantify line broadening, shifting, and fading.
Compared observed spectral evolution to synthetic spectra from spherically symmetric HERACLES/CMFGEN numerical models.
Narrow blueshifted emission lines (≤200 km s⁻¹) weakened and broadened rapidly, with He I lines completely disappearing between day 1.51 and day 2.62.
The pre-explosion He I progenitor wind speed was measured at 25 (+0/-5) ± 2 km s⁻¹, with radiative acceleration pushing the circumstellar gas to ≥200 km s⁻¹ before the supernova shock swept it up to ~2000 km s⁻¹.
Observed line kinematics are consistent with a dense, asymmetric circumstellar shell extending to ~3.7 × 10¹⁴ (v_shock / 9500 km s⁻¹) cm created by enhanced mass loss ≳4 years prior to collapse.

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Implication

High-resolution spectroscopic analysis reveals rapid acceleration of dense circumstellar gas in supernova SN 2023ixf, indicating an intense progenitor mass-loss phase shortly before core collapse.

Cite This Study

Dickinson et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7f8d9864e162ad02b11343 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc108

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Implication

High-resolution spectroscopic analysis reveals rapid acceleration of dense circumstellar gas in supernova SN 2023ixf, indicating an intense progenitor mass-loss phase shortly before core collapse.

The Immediate, Exemplary, and Fleeting Echelle Spectroscopy of SN 2023ixf: Monitoring Acceleration of Slow Progenitor Circumstellar Material Driven by Shock Interaction

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Discussion

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Cite This Study

The Immediate, Exemplary, and Fleeting Echelle Spectroscopy of SN 2023ixf: Monitoring Acceleration of Slow Progenitor Circumstellar Material Driven by Shock Interaction

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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