Do baseline characteristics and treatments account for geographical disparities in the outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation? The prospective GARFIELD-AF registry

Figure 1. Observed (A) and risk-standardised1 (B) mortality rates by country.1 Computed as the ratio of observed and predicted rate for each country, multiplied by the global observed rate. The predicted rate estimated from a Cox model with the following covariates: age, sex, type of AF, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, history of stroke/TIA/SE, history of bleeding, vascular disease, acute coronary syndromes, moderate to severe CKD, hypercholesterolaemia, cirrhosis, carotid occlusive disease, VTE, dementia, smoking status, heavy alcohol consumption. CIs for risk-standardised rates are calculated through bootstrap sampling with 1000 replications. Showing only countries with more than 700 patients enrolled. Horizontal dashed line represents overall observed global rate. AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; SE, systemic embolism; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; VTE, venous thromboembolism.

Figure 2. Observed (A) and risk-standardised1 (B) non-haemorrhagic stroke/systemic embolism (SE) rates by country.1Computed as the ratio of observed and predicted rate for each country, multiplied by the global observed rate. The predicted rate estimated from a Fine-Gray model with the following covariates: age, sex, type of AF, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, history of stroke/TIA/SE, history of bleeding, vascular disease, acute coronary syndromes, moderate to severe CKD, hypercholesterolaemia, cirrhosis, carotid occlusive disease, VTE, dementia, smoking status, heavy alcohol consumption. CIs for risk-standardised rates are calculated through bootstrap sampling with 1000 replications. Showing only countries with more than 700 patients enrolled. Horizontal dashed line represents overall observed global rate. AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HAQ, Healthcare Access and Quality; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; VTE, venous thromboembolism.

Figure 3. Observed (A) and risk-standardised1 (B) major bleeding rates by country.1 Computed as the ratio of observed and predicted rate for each country, multiplied by the global observed rate. The predicted rate estimated from a Fine-Gray model with the following covariates: age, sex, type of AF, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, history of stroke/TIA/SE, history of bleeding, vascular disease, acute coronary syndromes, moderate to severe CKD, hypercholesterolaemia, cirrhosis, carotid occlusive disease, VTE, dementia, smoking status, heavy alcohol consumption. Cis for risk-standardised rates are calculated through bootstrap sampling with 1000 replications. Showing only countries with more than 700 patients enrolled. Horizontal dashed line represents overall observed global rate. AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HAQ, Healthcare Access and Quality; SE, systemic embolism; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; VTE, venous thromboembolism.

Figure 4. Baseline antithrombotic treatment distribution by Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) index.1 1 As HAQ index is a country measure, all patients enrolled within a specific country are assigned the same HAQ index. HAQ index of OAC+AP or AP only: <70=46.7%; 70–79=52.5%; 80–89=30.1%; ≥90=28.6%. NOAC, AP, antiplatelet; NOAC, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.