Race and Ethnicity Disparities in Life’s Essential 8 Among Ever‐Pregnant Adults in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2020

Figures

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  Figure 1. Age‐standardized means and 95% CIs of LE8 scores. BMI indicates body mass index; and LE8, Life’s Essential 8.

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  Figure 2. Age‐standardized means and 95% CIs of Life’s Essential 8 health behaviors scores by race and ethnicity, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2020. The other races and ethnicities group was racially and ethnically diverse, including multiracial and multiethnic individuals.

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  Figure 3. Age‐standardized mean and 95% CI for Life’s Essential 8 health factors scores by race and ethnicity, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2020. The other races and ethnicities group was racially and ethnically diverse, including multiracial and multiethnic individuals.

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  Figure 4. Adjusted relative risk ratios of life’s essential 8 score quartiles by race and ethnicity among ever‐pregnant adults (NHANES 2011–2020). The figure displays adjusted relative risk ratios (RRRs) for being in each Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score quartile for non‐Hispanic Black, non‐Hispanic Asian, Mexican/Hispanic, and Other Races ever‐pregnant adults, compared to the reference group (non‐Hispanic White). Estimates are derived from survey‐weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses using NHANES 2011–2020 data. The reference category is Quartile 1 (lowest LE8 scores). RRRs above 1 indicate a higher likelihood, while RRRs below 1 indicate a lower likelihood of being in that quartile than non‐Hispanic Whites. Models are adjusted for age, education, poverty‐income ratio, health, insurance status, and employment. Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals. LE8 score ranges: Quartile 1 (25–47.5), Quartile 2 (47.5–51.14), Quartile 3 (51.14–67.5), Quartile 4 (≥67.5).

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  Figure 5. Adjusted relative risk ratios of life’s essential 8 health behavior components by race and ethnicity among ever‐pregnant adults (NHANES 2011–2020). This figure illustrates adjusted relative risk ratios (RRRs) with 95% confidence intervals for the health behavior components of the Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score by race and ethnicity among ever‐pregnant adults. The components shown are diet, smoking (nicotine exposure), physical activity (PA), and sleep. Estimates are derived from survey‐weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses using NHANES 2011–2020 data. The reference group is non‐Hispanic White adults, and the reference category for each component is the “Ideal” level. RRRs above 1 indicate a higher likelihood, while RRRs below 1 indicate a lower likelihood of being in the “Intermediate” or “Poor” category than non‐Hispanic Whites. Models are adjusted for age, education, poverty‐income ratio, health insurance status, and employment.

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  Figure 6. Adjusted relative risk ratios of life’s essential 8 health factor components by race and ethnicity among ever‐pregnant adults (NHANES 2011–2020). This figure displays adjusted relative risk ratios (RRRs) with 95% confidence intervals for the health factor components of the Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score by race and ethnicity among ever‐pregnant adults. The components shown are blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, blood lipids, and body mass index (BMI). Estimates are derived from survey‐weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses using NHANES 2011–2020 data. The reference group is non‐Hispanic White adults, and the reference category for each component is the “Ideal” level. RRRs above 1 indicate a higher likelihood, while RRRs below 1 indicate a lower likelihood of being in the “Intermediate” or “Poor” category than non‐Hispanic Whites. Models are adjusted for age, education, poverty‐income ratio, health insurance status, and employment. Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals.