Molecular genetic testing in ovarian cancer

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Ovarian cancer (OC) remains to be a leading cause of mortality among oncogynaecological patients. The low five-year survival rate of OC patients is associated with a lack of highly sensitive screening, early diagnostics and preventive methods, as well as high metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance rates. Molecular genetic techniques for OC diagnosis based on standardized genetic panels can be used to detect a limited range of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. However, the spectrum of genes potentially responsible for OC development is much wider. Recent data emphasize the importance of personalized approaches to account for ethno-population specifics in molecular genetic testing. This paper reviews recent data on the pathogenesis, molecular genetic diagnostic methods, and preventive strategies for OC.