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In this note, we introduce a generalized formula for Cohen’s d under the presence of additional independent variables, providing a measure for the size of a possible effect concerning the size of a difference location effect of a variable in two groups. This is done by employing the so-called Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem in a partitioned linear regression model. The generalization is motivated by demonstrating the relationship to appropriate t and F statistics. Our discussion is further illustrated by inference about a publicly available data set.
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Groß et al. (2023) studied this question.
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