Navigating Cardiotoxicity in Cancer Treatment: Insights into Fluoropyrimidine-induced Cardiac Events

INTRODUCTION: Fluoropyrimidine (FP) is a key cancer treatment but often causes side effects, notably cardiotoxicity. This cardiotoxicity can present as angina, arrhythmia, dyspnea, and palpitations, requiring urgent cardiologist attention. The etiology, management, and frequency of FP-induced cardiotoxicity are still unknown despite long-term use. OBJECTIVE: The article aims to provide an overview of the pathogenic occurrence, cardiac event risk factor, possible underlying mechanism of FP-cardiotoxicity, diagnostics, and therapeutic approach for the corrective management of this clinical condition. METHODS: Review was performed by searching extensively for various existing literature search PubMed, Web of science and Scopus using suitable keywords to find articles that support our review study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: FP induced cardiotoxicity results in morbidness and fatality in patient undergoing the treatment. Thus, an effective management system must be standardized to effectively treat and prevent this clinical condition. CONCLUSION: The cardiotoxic event following 5-FU has been lesser-known clinical entity with limited study on its pathophysiology and management. In the diagnosis procedure, each patient undergoing FP treatment ought to have early symptom identity, risk categorization, and therapy individualized based on benefit-risk ratio.