The functional form of the dipole-moment function of a diatomic molecule is investigated in the united-atom and separated-atom limits. The moment goes to zero as R3 for an S or P united atom, and as R5 for a D or F united atom. For separated atoms, the moment goes as R—4 if at least one atom has a quadrupole moment, and as R—7 otherwise. Evidence is given that simply combining the two limiting functional forms is insufficient to represent the actual dipole-moment function.
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Jerry Goodisman (1963) studied this question.
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